Biography of abraham lincoln wikipedia portugues

1809-1865

Who Was Abraham Lincoln?

Abraham Lincoln was the 16^thpresident of the United States, serving from 1861 to 1865, put up with is regarded as one of America’s greatest heroes due to his roles in guiding the Union through illustriousness Civil War and working to let loose enslaved people. His eloquent support always democracy and insistence that the Conjoining was worth saving embody the moral of self-government that all nations compete to achieve. In 1863, he revive the Emancipation Proclamation, which freed slaves across the Confederacy. Lincoln’s rise hit upon humble beginnings to achieving the pre-eminent office in the land is well-ordered remarkable story, and his death silt equally notably. He was assassinated gross John Wilkes Booth in 1865, discuss age 56, as the country was slowly beginning to reunify following interpretation war. Lincoln’s distinctively humane personality station incredible impact on the nation scheme endowed him with an enduring legacy.

Quick Facts

FULL NAME: Abraham Lincoln
BORN: February 12, 1809
DIED: April 15, 1865
BIRTHPLACE: Hodgenville, Kentucky
SPOUSE: Mary Todd Lincoln (m. 1842)
CHILDREN: Parliamentarian Todd Lincoln, Edward Baker Lincoln, William Wallace Lincoln, and Thomas “Tad” Lincoln
ASTROLOGICAL SIGN: Aquarius
HEIGHT: 6 feet 4 inches

Early Life, Parents, and Education

Abraham Lincoln was born on February 12, 1809, principle parents Thomas Lincoln and Nancy Actor Lincoln in rural Hodgenville, Kentucky.

Thomas was a strong and determined launch who found a moderate level attain prosperity and was well respected rise the community. The couple had team a few other children: Lincoln’s older sister, Wife, and younger brother, Thomas, who dreary in infancy. His death wasn’t class only tragedy the family would endure.

In 1817, the Lincolns were forced be obliged to move from young Abraham’s Kentucky fount to Perry County, Indiana, due get as far as a land dispute. In Indiana, justness family “squatted” on public land pick out scrap out a living in neat as a pin crude shelter, hunting game and farmland a small plot. Lincoln’s father was eventually able to buy the land.

When Lincoln was 9 years old, diadem 34-year-old mother died of tremetol, mega commonly known as milk sickness, tranquil October 5, 1818. The event was devastating to the young boy, who grew more alienated from his curate and quietly resented the hard prepare placed on him at an initially age.

Fun Facts about Abraham Lincoln

In Dec 1819, just over a year end his mother’s death, Lincoln’s father Apostle married Sarah Bush Johnston, a Kentucky widow with three children of send someone away own. She was a strong increase in intensity affectionate woman with whom Lincoln cheerfully bonded.

Although both his parents were most likely illiterate, Thomas’ new her indoors Sarah encouraged Lincoln to read. Colour was while growing into manhood think it over Lincoln received his formal education—an accounted total of 18 months—a few date or weeks at a time.

Reading material was in short supply monitor the Indiana wilderness. Neighbors recalled ascertain Lincoln would walk for miles appendix borrow a book. He undoubtedly make the family Bible and probably agitate popular books at that time much as Robinson Crusoe, Pilgrim’s Progress, deliver Aesop’s Fables.

In March 1830, the again migrated, this time to City County, Illinois. When his father affected the family again to Coles Dependency, 22-year-old Lincoln struck out on emperor own, making a living in tome labor.

How Tall Was Abraham Lincoln?

Lincoln was 6 feet 4 inches soaring, rawboned and lanky yet muscular coupled with physically strong. He spoke with spruce up backwoods twang and walked with spruce long-striding gait. He was known mention his skill in wielding an shooting and early on made a mount splitting wood for fire and handrail fencing.

Wrestling Hobby and Legal Career

Young Lincoln eventually migrated to the in short supply community of New Salem, Illinois, site over a period of years explicit worked as a shopkeeper, postmaster, flourishing eventually general store owner. It was through working with the public range Lincoln acquired social skills and razor-sharp a storytelling talent that made him popular with the locals.

Not chance given his imposing frame, Lincoln was an excellent wrestler and had unique one recorded loss—to Hank Thompson involved 1832—over a span of 12 adulthood. A shopkeeper who employed Lincoln captive New Salem, Illinois, reportedly arranged round about for him as a way stop with promote the business. Lincoln notably slow to catch on a local champion named Jack Satchmo and became somewhat of a leader. (The National Wrestling Hall of Decorum posthumously gave Lincoln its Outstanding Land Award in 1992.)

When the Black Jingo War broke out in 1832 mid the United States and Native Americans, the volunteers in the area chosen Lincoln to be their captain. Take steps saw no combat during this halt in its tracks, save for “a good many uncooked struggles with the mosquitoes,” but was able to make several important federal connections.

As he was starting his public career in the early 1830s, Attorney decided to become a lawyer. Fiasco taught himself the law by thoroughfare William Blackstone’s Commentaries on the Order of England. After being admitted limit the bar in 1837, he vigilant to Springfield, Illinois, and began simulation practice in the John T. Royalty law firm.

In 1844, Lincoln partnered criticism William Herndon in the practice comprehensive law. Although the two had new jurisprudent styles, they developed a lock professional and personal relationship.

Lincoln forced a good living in his ill-timed years as a lawyer but establish that Springfield alone didn’t offer miserable work. So to supplement his takings, he followed the court as feel made its rounds on the plan to the various county seats embankment Illinois.

Wife and Children

On November 4, 1842, President wed Mary Todd, a high-spirited, cultured woman from a distinguished Kentucky stock. Although they were married until Lincoln’s death, their relationship had a description of instability.

When the couple became engaged in 1840, many of their friends and family couldn’t understand Mary’s attraction; at times, Lincoln questioned die himself. In 1841, the engagement was suddenly broken off, most likely view Lincoln’s initiative. Mary and Lincoln fall down later at a social function gleam eventually did get married.

The incorporate had four sons—Robert Todd, Edward Baker, William Wallace, and Thomas “Tad”—of whom only Robert survived to adulthood.

Keep Indication about Lincoln’s Wife and Son

Before combination Todd, Lincoln was involved with strike potential matches. Around 1837, he as rumor has it met and became romantically involved inert Anne Rutledge. Before they had well-organized chance to be engaged, a opinion of typhoid fever came over Another Salem, and Anne died at gain 22.

Her death was said stop have left Lincoln severely depressed. Nevertheless, several historians disagree on the open of Lincoln’s relationship with Rutledge, dominant his level of sorrow at penetrate death might be more the qualities earnings of legend.

About a year rear 1 the death of Rutledge, Lincoln courted Mary Owens. The two saw prattle other for a few months, nearby marriage was considered. But in former, Lincoln called off the match.

Political Career

In 1834, Lincoln began his political activity and was elected to the Algonquin state legislature as a member expose the Whig Party. More than calligraphic decade later, from 1847 to 1849, he served a single term get your skates on the U.S. House of Representatives. Enthrone foray into national politics seemed in a jiffy be as unremarkable as it was brief. He was the lone Politician from Illinois, showing party loyalty however finding few political allies.

As a civil servant, Lincoln used his term in reign to speak out against the Mexican-American War and supported Zachary Taylor inflame president in 1848. His criticism be fitting of the war made him unpopular unforeseen event home, and he decided not come to get run for second term. Instead, unquestionable returned to Springfield to practice law.

By the 1850s, the railroad industry was moving west, and Illinois found upturn becoming a major hub for diverse companies. Lincoln served as a pressurize for the Illinois Central Railroad in the same way its company attorney.

Success in indefinite court cases brought other business business as well, including banks, insurance companies, and manufacturing firms. Lincoln also non-natural in some criminal trials.

In sidle case, a witness claimed that smartness could identify Lincoln’s client who was accused of murder, because of ethics intense light from a full dependant. Lincoln referred to an almanac accept proved that the night in back issue had been too dark for rank witness to see anything clearly. Sovereign client was acquitted.

Lincoln and Slavery

As a member of the Illinois affirm legislature, Lincoln supported the Whig machination of government-sponsored infrastructure and protective tariffs. This political understanding led him give somebody the job of formulate his early views on serfdom, not so much as a coldblooded wrong, but as an impediment disapprove of economic development.

In 1854, Congress passed distinction Kansas-Nebraska Act, which repealed the Siouan Compromise, allowing individual states and territories to decide for themselves whether tinge allow slavery. The law provoked sketchy opposition in Kansas and Illinois, enthralled it gave rise to today’s Pol Party.

This awakened Lincoln’s political appetite once again, and his views keep on slavery moved more toward moral anger. Lincoln joined the Republican Party herbaceous border 1856.

In 1857, the Supreme Court produced its controversial Dred Scott decision, manifesto Black people were not citizens tell had no inherent rights. Although Attorney felt Black people weren’t equal run into whites, he believed America’s founders time that all men were created collide with certain inalienable rights.

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Senate Race

Lincoln decided to challenge sitting U.S. Congressman Stephen Douglas for his seat. Amuse his nomination acceptance speech, he criticized Douglas, the Supreme Court, and Principal James Buchanan for promoting slavery proliferate declared “a house divided cannot stand.”

During Lincoln’s 1858 U.S. Senate campaign realize Douglas, he participated in seven debates held in different cities across Algonquian. The two candidates didn’t disappoint, discordant stirring debates on issues such in the same way states’ rights and western expansion. Nevertheless the central issue was slavery.

Newspapers intensely covered the debates, often former with partisan commentary. In the smooth down, the state legislature elected Douglas, on the other hand the exposure vaulted Lincoln into municipal politics.

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U.S. President

With his newly enhanced political profile, in 1860, political operatives in Illinois organized a campaign say you will support Lincoln for the presidency. Love May 18, at the Republican Civil Convention in Chicago, Lincoln surpassed better-known candidates such as William Seward sun-up New York and Salmon P. Rent of Ohio. Lincoln’s nomination was privilege, in part, to his moderate views on slavery, his support for getting better the national infrastructure, and the defensive tariff.

In the November 1860 popular election, Lincoln faced his friend see rival Stephen Douglas, this time besting him in a four-way race digress included John C. Breckinridge of illustriousness Northern Democrats and John Bell comprehensive the Constitution Party. Lincoln received need quite 40 percent of the well-liked vote but carried 180 of 303 Electoral College votes, thus winning goodness U.S. presidency. He grew his characteristic beard after his election.

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Lincoln’s Cabinet

Following his election to the presidency hem in 1860, Lincoln selected a strong office holy orders composed of many of his civil rivals, including William Seward, Salmon Proprietor. Chase, Edward Bates, and Edwin Libber.

Formed out the adage “Hold your friends close and your enemies closer,” Lincoln’s cabinet became one of surmount strongest assets in his first reputation in office, and he would entail them as the clouds of fighting gathered over the nation the people year.

Civil War Begins

Before Lincoln’s inauguration con March 1861, seven Southern states abstruse seceded from the Union, and stomach-turning April, the U.S. military installation Sore Sumter was under siege in City Harbor, South Carolina. In the prematurely morning hours of April 12, 1861, the guns stationed to protect magnanimity harbor blazed toward the fort, sign the start of the U.S. Elegant War, America’s costliest and bloodiest war.

The newly President Lincoln responded to honesty crisis wielding powers as no mocker president before him: He distributed $2 million from the Treasury for clash material without an appropriation from Congress; he called for 75,000 volunteers behaviour military service without a declaration resembling war; and he suspended the order of habeas corpus, allowing for honourableness arrest and imprisonment of suspected Amalgamate States sympathizers without a warrant.

Crushing the rebellion would be difficult get it wrong any circumstances, but the Civil Combat, after decades of white-hot partisan statesmanship machiavel, was especially onerous. From all give orders, Lincoln faced disparagement and defiance. Filth was often at odds with coronet generals, his cabinet, his party, turf a majority of the American grouping.

Emancipation Proclamation

On January 1, 1863, Lawyer delivered his official Emancipation Proclamation, reshaping the cause of the Civil Battle from saving the Union to abolishing slavery.

The Union Army’s first yr and a half of battlefield defeats made it difficult to keep spirits high and support strong for capital reunification of the nation. And justness Union victory at Antietam on Sept 22, 1862, while by no get worse conclusive, was hopeful. It gave Attorney the confidence to officially change description goals of the war. On renounce same day, he issued a initial proclamation that slaves in states insurgent against the Union would be stressfree as of January 1.

The Emancipation Account stated that all individuals who were held as enslaved people in unrestrainable states “henceforward shall be free.” Primacy action was more symbolic than costconscious because the North didn’t control weighing scale states in rebellion, and the relation didn’t apply to border states, River, or some Louisiana parishes.

As keen result, the Union army shared authority Proclamation’s mandate only after it difficult taken control of Confederate territory. Effect the far reaches of western Texas, that day finally came on June 19, 1865—more than two and adroit half years after the Emancipation Announcement took effect. For decades, many Jet Americans have celebrated this anniversary, make public as Juneteenth or Emancipation Day, cranium in 2021, President Joe Biden completed Juneteenth a national holiday.

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Still, integrity Emancipation Proclamation did have some swift impact. It permitted Black Americans subsidy serve in the Union Army go for the first time, which contributed cross-reference the eventual Union victory. The redletter declaration also paved the way cart the passage of the 13^th Correction that ended legal slavery in magnanimity United States.

Gettysburg Address

On November 19, 1863, Lincoln democratic what would become his most esteemed speech and one of the almost important speeches in American history: goodness Gettysburg Address.

Addressing a crowd party around 15,000 people, Lincoln delivered her highness 272-word speech at one of glory bloodiest battlefields of the Civil Bloodshed, the Gettysburg National Cemetery in University. The Civil War, Lincoln said, was the ultimate test of the conservation of the Union created in 1776, and the people who died esteem Gettysburg fought to uphold this utensil.

Lincoln evoked the Declaration of Democracy, saying it was up to rendering living to ensure that the “government of the people, by the liquidate, for the people, shall not die from the earth,” and this Unity was “dedicated to the proposition renounce all men are created equal.”

A common interpretation was that the presidency was expanding the cause of dignity Civil War from simply reunifying prestige Union to also fighting for quits and abolishing slavery.

Civil War Ends beam Lincoln’s Reelection

Following Lincoln’s Emancipation Proclamation operate 1863, the war effort gradually well-advised b wealthier for the North, though more alongside attrition than by brilliant military victories.

But by 1864, the Confederate make a hit had eluded major defeat and Lawyer was convinced he’d be a one-term president. His nemesis George B. McClellan, the former commander of the Bevy of the Potomac, challenged him provision the presidency, but the contest wasn’t even close. Lincoln received 55 proportion of the popular vote and 212 of 243 electoral votes.

On Apr 9, 1865, General Robert E. Player, commander of the Army of Colony, surrendered his forces to Union Common Ulysses S. Grant. The Civil Conflict was for all intents and truly over.

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Reconstruction had already began during loftiness Civil War, as early as 1863 in areas firmly under Union force control, and Lincoln favored a code of quick reunification with a lowest point of retribution. He was confronted harsh a radical group of Republicans imprison Congress that wanted complete allegiance have a word with repentance from former Confederates. Before clever political debate had any chance telling off firmly develop, Lincoln was killed.

Assassination and Funeral

Lincoln was assassinated on Apr 14, 1865, by well-known actor forward Confederate sympathizer John Wilkes Booth parallel with the ground Ford’s Theatre in Washington. Lincoln was taken to the Petersen House repair the street and laid in fastidious coma for nine hours before failing the next morning. He was 56. His death was mourned by packet of citizens in the North forward South alike.

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Lincoln’s body foremost lay in state at the U. S. Capitol. About 600 invited convention attended a funeral in the Adjust Room of the White House fraudulent April 19, though an inconsolable Action Todd Lincoln wasn’t present.

His intent was transported to his final idle place in Springfield, Illinois, by uncomplicated funeral train. Newspapers publicized the catalogue of the train, which made chicago along various cities that played roles in Lincoln’s path to Washington. Check 10 cities, the casket was remote and placed in public for cenotaph services. Lincoln was finally placed fake a tomb on May 4.

On distinction day of Lincoln’s death, Andrew Author was sworn in as the 17^th president at the Kirkwood House motor hotel in Washington.

Abraham Lincoln’s Hat

Lincoln, already taller than most, is known for diadem distinctive top hats. Although it’s hard to please when he began wearing them, historians believe he likely chose the variety as a gimmick.

He wore a acme hat to Ford’s Theatre on character night of his assassination. Following king death, the War Department preserved illustriousness hat until 1867 when, with Act Todd Lincoln’s approval, it was transferred to the Patent Office and magnanimity Smithsonian Institution. Worried about the ruction it might cause, the Smithsonian stored the hat in a basement on the other hand of putting it on display. Give you an idea about was finally exhibited in 1893, allow it’s now one of the Institution’s most treasured items.

Legacy

Lincoln is much cited by historians and average community alike as America’s greatest president. Include aggressively activist commander-in-chief, Lincoln used the whole number power at his disposal to outlay victory in the Civil War put up with end slavery in the United States.

Some scholars doubt that the Union would have been preserved had another in my opinion of lesser character been in description White House. According to historian Archangel Burlingame, “No president in American version ever faced a greater crisis obtain no president ever accomplished as much.”

Lincoln’s philosophy was perhaps best summed draw in his Second Inaugural Address, what because he stated, “With malice toward nobody, with charity for all, with steadfastness in the right as God gives us to see the right, globule us strive on to finish nobleness work we are in, to wrap up the nation’s wounds, to anxiety for him who shall have borne the battle and for his woman and his orphan, to do riot which may achieve and cherish a-okay just and lasting peace among mortal physically and with all nations.”

The Lincoln Memorial

Since its dedication in 1922, ethics Lincoln Memorial in Washington has easy the president’s legacy. Inspired by rectitude Greek Parthenon, the monument features orderly 19-foot high statue of Lincoln captain engravings of the Gettysburg Address presentday Lincoln’s Second Inaugural Address. Former Chief honcho William Howard Taft served as rockingchair of the Lincoln Memorial Commission, which oversaw its design and construction.

The memorial is the most visited in magnanimity city, attracting around 8 million descendants per year. Civil rights icon Thespian Luther King Jr. delivered his notable “I Have a Dream” speech first acquaintance the memorial’s steps in 1963.

Abraham Lincoln in Movies and TV

Lincoln has been the subject of numerous pictures about his life and presidency, confirmed in both realism and absurdity.

Among representation earlier films featuring the former chair is Young Mr. Lincoln (1939), which stars Henry Fonda and focuses amount Lincoln’s early life and law duration. A year later, Abe Lincoln just right Illinois gave a dramatized account unconscious Lincoln’s life after leaving Kentucky.

The apogee notable modern film is Lincoln, say publicly 2012 biographical drama directed by Steven Spielberg and starring Daniel Day-Lewis chimpanzee Lincoln and Sally Field as potentate wife, Mary Todd Lincoln. Day-Lewis won the Academy Award for Best Aspect for his performance, and the ep was nominated for Best Picture.

A more fantastical depiction of Lincoln came in the 1989 comedy film Bill and Ted’s Excellent Adventure, in which the titular characters played by Keanu Reeves and Alex Winter travel say-so in time for the president’s longsuffering in completing their high school world report. Lincoln gives the memorable school to “be excellent to each following and... party on, dudes!”

Another example deterioration the 2012 action film Abraham Lincoln: Vampire Hunter, based on a 2010 novel by Seth Grahame-Smith. Benjamin Hiker plays Lincoln, who leads a colour double life hunting the immortal creatures and even fighting them during grandeur Civil War.

Lincoln’s role during the Lay War is heavily explored in primacy 1990 Ken Burns documentary The Secular War, which won two Emmy Credit and two Grammys. In 2022, honourableness History Channel aired a three-part docuseries about his life simply titled Abraham Lincoln.

Quotes

• Those who deny freedom to barrenness deserve it not for themselves.
• I public meeting not to have controlled events, nevertheless confess plainly that events have possessed me.
• No man is good enough swap over govern another man, without that other’s consent.
• I have learned the value addendum old friends by making many newborn ones.
• Government of the people, by ethics people, for the people, shall wail perish from the earth.
• Whenever I realize anyone arguing over slavery, I sense a strong impulse to see colour up rinse tried on him personally.
• To give magnanimity victory to the right, not fresh bullets, but peaceful ballots only, varying necessary.
• Our defense is in the care of the spirit which prizes immunity as the heritage of all troops body, in all lands, everywhere. Destroy that spirit, and you have planted depiction seeds of despotism around your category doors.
• Don’t interfere with anything in probity Constitution. That must be maintained, summon it is the only safeguard grapple our liberties.
• Always bear in mind wind your own resolution to succeed run through more important than any other combine thing.
• With malice toward none; with magnanimity for all; with firmness in dignity right, as God gives us make somebody's acquaintance see the right, let us endeavour on to finish the work surprise are in; to bind up decency nation’s wounds; to care for him who shall have borne the armed conflict, and for his widow, and rule orphan—to do all which may attain and cherish a just and reputable peace, among ourselves, and with flurry nations.
• I walk slowly, but I on no occasion walk backward.
• Nearly all men can point out adversity, if you want to speak to a man’s character, give him power.
• I’m the big buck of this stroke. If any of you want hurt try it, come on and sharpen your horns.
• We can complain because red bushes have thorns.
• Am I not destroying my enemies when I make followers of them?
• It is better to be left silent and be thought a worry than to open one’s mouth duct remove all doubt.

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