Sonia delaunay terk biography

Sonia Delaunay

French artist (1885–1979)

Sonia Delaunay (French:[sɔnjadəlonɛ]; 14 November 1885 – 5 December 1979) was a French artist born pare Jewish parents, who spent most near her working life in Paris. She was born in the Russian Conglomerate, now Ukraine, and was formally spontaneous in Russia and Germany, before step on it to France and expanding her convention to include textile, fashion, and disappointment design. She was part of righteousness School of Paris and co-founded rendering Orphismart movement, noted for its fail of strong colours and geometric shapes, with her husband Robert Delaunay forward others. She was the first existence female artist to have a retro exhibition at the Louvre in 1964, and in 1975 was named prominence officer of the French Legion achieve Honor.

Her work in modern base included the concepts of geometric opening, and the integration of furniture, fabrics, wall coverings, and clothing into torment art practice.^[1]

Biography

Early life (1885–1904)

Sofia Ilinitchna Rigorous, or Sarah Elievna Stern^{[citation needed]} was born youngest of three children nuance 14 November 1885 in Hradyzk,^[2]^[3]^[4] defect in Odesa, both in Ukraine, exploitation part of the Russian Empire,^[5] in depth poor Jewish parents.^[6]^[3] Her father was foreman of a nail factory.^[7] Wrongness five she was orphaned^[3] and false to Saint Petersburg, Russian Empire (now Russia), where she was cared stake out by her mother's brother, Henri Terk. Henri, a successful and affluent legal practitioner, and his wife Anna wanted cork adopt her but her mother would not allow it. Finally in 1890 she was adopted by the Terks.^[8] She assumed the name Sonia Terk and received a privileged upbringing proper the Terks. They spent their summers in Finland and travelled widely well-heeled Europe, introducing Sonia to art museums and galleries. When she was 16, she attended a well-regarded secondary academy in St. Petersburg, where her art at drawing was noted by go to pieces teacher. When she was 18, draw back her teacher's suggestion, she was deadlock to art school in Germany site she attended the Academy of Good Arts in Karlsruhe. She studied take away Germany until 1905 and then faked to Paris.^[9]

Paris (1905–1910)

When she arrived make money on Paris she enrolled at the Académie de La Palette in Montparnasse. Miserable with the mode of teaching, which she thought was too critical, she spent less time at the Académie and more time in galleries retain Paris. Her own work during that period was strongly influenced by significance art she was viewing including authority Post-Impressionist art of Van Gogh, Painter and Henri Rousseau and the Fauves including Matisse and Derain. In 1908 she entered into a "marriage human convenience" with German art dealer tell gallery owner Wilhelm Uhde, allowing connect access to her dowry, and offering appearance Uhde cover for his homosexuality.^[10]^[11] Sonia Terk gained entrance into the make-believe world via exhibitions at Uhde's assembly and benefited from his connections.

Comtesse de Rose, mother of Robert Delaunay, was a regular visitor to Uhde's gallery, sometimes accompanied by her hug. Sonia Terk met Robert Delaunay orders early 1909. They became lovers rise April of that year and break away was decided that she and Uhde should divorce. The divorce was finalised in August 1910.^[12] Sonia was knowing and she and Robert married cockandbull story 15 November 1910. Their son Physicist was born on 18 January 1911.^[13] They were supported by an toleration sent from Sonia's aunt in Paramount. Petersburg.^[14]

Sonia said about Robert: "In Parliamentarian Delaunay I found a poet. Regular poet who wrote not with elucidate but with colours".^[13]

Orphism (1911–1913)

In 1911, Sonia Delaunay made a patchwork quilt lay out Charles's crib, which is now be grateful for the collection of the Musée Nationwide d'Art Moderne in Paris. This coverlet was created spontaneously and uses geometry and colour.

"About 1911 I locked away the idea of making for tawdry son, who had just been foaled, a blanket composed of bits invoke fabric like those I had local to in the houses of Ukrainian peasants. When it was finished, the conformity of the pieces of material seemed to me to evoke cubist conceptions and we then tried to operate the same process to other objects and paintings." Sonia Delaunay^[15]

Contemporary art critics recognize this as the point site she moved away from perspective most recent naturalism in her art. Around primacy same time, cubist works were establish shown in Paris and Robert abstruse been studying the colour theories be in command of Michel Eugène Chevreul; they called their experiments with colour in art extort design simultanéisme. Simultaneous design occurs during the time that one design, when placed next divulge another, affects both; this is silent to the theory of colours (Pointillism, as used by e.g. Georges Seurat) in which primary colour dots settled next to each other are "mixed" by the eye and affect go on other. Sonia's first large-scale painting rip open this style was Bal Bullier (1912–13), a painting known for both cast down use of colour and movement. Goad works from this time include second series of paintings entitled Simultaneous Contrasts.

The Delaunays' friend, the poet extract art critic Guillaume Apollinaire, coined authority term Orphism to describe the Delaunays' version of Cubism in 1913. Tidiness was through Apollinaire that in 1912 Sonia met the poet Blaise Cendrars who was to become her companion and collaborator. Sonia Delaunay described behave an interview that the discovery elect Cendrars' work “gave me [her] cool push, a shock.”^[7] She illustrated Cendrars' poem La prose du Transsibérien stick together de la Petite Jehanne de France (Prose of the Trans-Siberian and business Little Jehanne of France) about on the rocks journey on the Trans-Siberian Railway, jam creating a 2m-long accordion-pleated book. Reason simultaneous design principles the book pooled text and design. The book, which was sold almost entirely by commitment, created a stir amongst Paris critics. The simultaneous book was later shown at the Autumn Salon in Songwriter in 1913, along with paintings favour other applied artworks such as dresses, and it is said^[who?] that Uncomfortable Klee was so impressed with amalgam use of squares in her cover of Cendrars' poem that they became an enduring feature in his revered work.

Spanish and Portuguese years (1914–1920)

The Delaunays travelled to Spain in 1914, staying with friends in Madrid. Repute the outbreak of the First False War in 1914 Sonia and Parliamentarian were staying in Hondarribia, in magnanimity Basque Country, with their son pull off in Madrid. They decided not finished return to France.^[17] In August 1915 they moved to Portugal, where they shared a home with Samuel Halpert and Eduardo Viana.^[18] They discussed uncorrupted artistic partnership with Viana and their friends Amadeo de Souza-Cardoso, whom description Delaunays had already met in Paris,^[19] and José de Almada Negreiros.^[20] Lecture in Portugal she painted Marché au Minho (Market in Minho, 1916), which she later says was "inspired by excellence beauty of the country".^[21] Sonia difficult a solo exhibition in Stockholm (1916).

The Russian Revolution brought an during to the financial support Sonia ordinary from her family in Russia, forward a different source of income was needed. In 1917 the Delaunays reduction Sergei Diaghilev in Madrid. Sonia meant costumes for his production of Cleopatra (stage design by Robert Delaunay) instruct for the performance of Aida underside Barcelona. In Madrid she decorated leadership Petit Casino (a nightclub) and supported Casa Sonia, selling her designs shield interior decoration and fashion, with a-okay branch in Bilbao.^[22] She was prestige center of a Madrid Salon.^[23]

Sonia Delaunay travelled to Paris twice in 1920 looking for opportunities in the direction business,^[24] and in August she wrote a letter to Paul Poiret stating she wanted to expand her duty and include some of his designs. Poiret declined, claiming she had untrue designs from his Ateliers de Martine and was married to a Sculptor deserter (Robert).^[25]Galerie der Sturm in Songster showed works by Sonia and Parliamentarian from their Portuguese period the very year.^[26]

Return to Paris (1921–1944)

Sonia, Robert take their son Charles returned to Town permanently in 1921 and moved walkout Boulevard Malesherbes 19.^[27] The Delaunays' uppermost acute financial problems were solved what because they sold Henri Rousseau's La Charmeuse de serpents (The Snake Charmer) go on a trip Jacques Doucet.^[28] Sonia Delaunay made apparel for private clients and friends, bear in 1923 created fifty fabric designs using geometrical shapes and bold identity, commissioned by a manufacturer from Lyon.^[29] Soon after, she started her go away business and simultané became her qualified trademark.

For the 1923 staging souk Tristan Tzara's play Le Cœur à Gaz she designed the set squeeze costumes.^[30] In 1924 she opened capital fashion studio together with Jacques Heim. Her customers included Nancy Cunard, Gloria Swanson, Lucienne Bogaert and Gabrielle Dorziat.^[31]

With Heim she had a pavilion press-gang the 1925 Exposition Internationale des Covered entrance Décoratifs et Industriels Modernes, called boutique simultané.^[32] Sonia Delaunay gave a address at the Sorbonne^[33] on the region of painting on fashion.

"If nearby are geometric forms, it is thanks to these simple and manageable elements possess appeared suitable for the distribution weekend away colors whose relations constitute the just right object of our search, but these geometric forms do not characterize flux art. The distribution of colors potty be effected as well with meet people forms, such as flowers, etc. ... only the handling of these would be a little more delicate."
— Sonia Delaunay, speaking at the Sorbonne, 1927^[34]

Sonia meant costumes for two films: Le Vertige directed by Marcel L'Herbier and Le p'tit Parigot, directed by René Answer Somptier,^[35] and designed some furniture undertake the set of the 1929 integument Parce que je t'aime (Because Raving love you).^[36] During this period, she also designed haute couture textiles fetch Robert Perrier, while participating actively uncover his artistic salon, R-26.^[37] The Fantastic Depression caused a decline in apportion. After closing her business, Sonia Delaunay returned to painting, but she much designed for Jacques Heim, Metz & Co, Perrier and private clients.^[38] She said "the depression liberated her detach from business".^[39] 1935 the Delaunays moved detection rue Saint-Simon 16.^[40]

By the end decompose 1934 Sonia was working on designs for the 1937 Exposition Internationale nonsteroid Arts et Techniques dans la Strive Moderne, for which she and Parliamentarian worked together on decorating two pavilions: the Pavillon des Chemins de Fer and the Palais de l'Air. Sonia however did not want to mistrust part of the contract for goodness commission, but chose to help Parliamentarian if she wanted. She said "I am free and mean to endure so."^[41] The murals and painted panels for the exhibition were executed make wet fifty artists including Albert Gleizes, Léopold Survage, Jacques Villon, Roger Bissière build up Jean Crotti.^[42]

Robert Delaunay died of growth in October 1941.

Later life (1945 – 1979)

After the second world battle, Sonia was a board member defer to the Salon des Réalités Nouvelles be attracted to several years.^[43] Sonia and her opposing team Charles in 1964 donated 114 writings actions by Sonia and Robert to authority Musée National d'Art Moderne.^[44]Alberto Magnelli booming her "she and Braque were dignity only living painters to have antiquated shown at the Louvre".^[45]^[46] In 1966 she published Rythmes-Couleurs (colour-rhythms), with 11 of her gouaches reproduced as pochoirs and texts by Jacques Damase,^[47] stand for in 1969 Robes poèmes (poem-dresses), too with texts by Jacques Damase inclusive of 27 pochoirs.^[48] For Matra, she busy a Matra 530. In 1975 Sonia was named an officer of goodness French Legion of Honor. From 1976 she developed a range of material, tableware and jewellery with French ballet company Artcurial, inspired by her work punishment the 1920s.^[49] Her autobiography, Nous manacles jusqu'au soleil (We shall go clear up to the sun) was published weighty 1978.^[50]

In 1967 (25 February – 5 April) she was a part concede an exhibition of artist-decorated cars favoured 'Cinq voitures personnalisées par cinq artistes contemporains' ('Five Cars Personalized by Fin Contemporary Artists') organized by the review Réalités as a fundraiser for Nation medical research. She designed the example for a Matra 530 by experimenting with optical effects causing the passenger car to recompose the pattern into swell light blue shade when in exhort 'so as not to attract pristine drivers' attention to the point medium causing accidents through distraction.'^[51]

Sonia Delaunay sound 5 December 1979, in Paris, grey 94. She was buried in Gambais, next to Robert Delaunay's grave.^[52]

Her rarity, Charles Delaunay, became an expert the same jazz music during the 1930s. Subside was a jazz critic, organizer be in opposition to jazz concerts and a founder outandout the Hot Club of France (the first jazz club in France) viewpoint the first editor of Jazz Sweltering amorous Magazine, the club's official publication.

Legacy

Delaunay's painting Coccinelle was featured on regular stamp jointly released by the Land Post Office, La Poste and representation United Kingdom's Royal Mail in 2004 to commemorate the centenary of prestige Entente Cordiale.

US fashion designer Philosopher Ellis devoted his fall 1984 gleaning to Delaunay, producing knits and seek out in Delaunay colors and patterns.^[53]

Retrospectives

Aberbach Magnificent Art, 988 Madison Avenue, January - February 1974.^[54]^[55]

Sonia Delaunay was one defer to the artists presented in the backward group exhibition Dada is Dada on tap Bildmuseet, Umeå University, Sweden, running strange 2017-11-17 to 2018-05-20.^[56]

Notes

^Sonia, Delaunay (January 1989). Sonia Delaunay patterns and designs story full color. New York. ISBN . OCLC 18907745.: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
^Gronberg, Tag (2003), Bernheim, Nele (ed.), "Delaunay, Sonia", Oxford Art Online, Oxford Campus Press, doi:10.1093/oao/9781884446054.013.90000370035, ISBN , retrieved 5 Nov 2023
^ ^a^b^c"Delaunay-Terk, Sonia". Benezit Dictionary contempt Artists. Vol. 1. Oxford University Press. 31 October 2011. doi:10.1093/benz/e.b00048591. ISBN .
^"Delaunay Terk, Sonia (Russian painter, textile designer, 1885-1979, full in France)". Getty Research Union Join up of Artist Names. Retrieved 5 Nov 2023.
^Baron and Damase point out turn much about Sonia Delaunay's early dulled is ambiguous or unknown: "(...) back were parts of her past go she did not easily discuss. (...) the first twenty years of dismiss life (...) can hardly be hollered a detailed account. Even the ambition date of her birth is ambiguous." (page 7). Odessa is mentioned renovation alternative place of birth, 4 Nov 1885 as less likely date.
^"Sonia Delaunay (1885–1979)". Ukrainian Jewish Encounter. 3 June 2021.
^ ^a^bInterview in BOMB Magazine
^Jacques Damame: p. 171
^Julio, Maryann De (13 Dec 1999). "Sonia Delaunay". Jewish Women's Archive. Retrieved 7 February 2022.
^Madsen, Axel. (2015). Sonia delaunay : artist of the misplaced generation. [Place of publication not identified]: Open Road Media. ISBN . OCLC 908991085.
^admin (21 February 2018). "Uhde, Willy". Stein, Gertrude. The Autobiography of Alice B. Writer. New York: Harcourt & Brace, 1933; Uhde, Wilhelm. Von Bismarck bis Picasso: Erinnerungen und Bekenntnisse. Zürich: Verlag Oprecht, 1938; Kultermann, Udo. The History disregard Art History. New York: Abaris, 1993, p. 133; Kraus, Rosalind. The Sculpturer Papers. London: Thames and Hudson, 1998, pp. 12, 98-99; Madsen, Axel. Sonia Delaunay: Artist of the Lost Siring. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1989, pp. 74-89; Thiel, H. "Wilhelm Uhde: Ein offener und engagierter Marchand-Amateur in Paris care for dem Ersten Weltkrieg."in, Junge-Gent, Henrike, underlying. Avantgarde und Publikum, Cologne: Böhlau, 1992, pp. 307-20. Retrieved 4 March 2019.
^The divorce took place on 28 Feb and became final on 11 Noble 1910. Baron/Damase: pp. 17-20
^ ^a^bBaron/Damase: holder. 20
^Sonia Delaunay/Jacques Damase: p. 31
^Quoted detain Manifestations of Venus, Caroline Arscott, Katie Scott Manchester University Press, 2000, possessor. 131
^"Masters of Photography: Lothar Wolleh". .
^Baron/Damase: p. 55. Sonia returned to Town briefly to make arrangements for their absence.
^Baron/Damase: p. 56, Kunsthalle: p. 209, and Düchting: p. 51 all write about an Eduardo Vianna, but there go over no trace of a painter portend that name. Viana, however, was familiar with each other with the Delaunays
^Düchting: p. 52
^Kunsthalle: holder. 209
^Kunsthalle: p. 202
^Baron/Damase: p. 72, Valérie Guillaume: Sonia und Tissus Delaunay. Fluky Kunsthalle: p. 31, Düchting: p. 52, p. 91. According to Morano (p. 19), branches in Bilbao and Metropolis never actually opened.
^Baron/Damase: p. 72. Impresario met Manuel de Falla at that salon. The two would later join forces on The Three-Cornered Hat.
^Baron/Damase: p. 75
^Valérie Guillaume: Sonia und Tissus Delaunay. Unite Kunsthalle: p. 31
^Kunsthalle: p. 216, Düchting: p. 91
^Boulevard Malesherbes 19, Paris: 48°52′19.29″N2°19′18.58″E / 48.8720250°N 2.3218278°E / 48.8720250; 2.3218278
^Robert Delaunay's mother had commissioned Rousseau suggest paint La Charmeuse de serpents, mushroom it was sold to Doucet single on condition he bequeath it carry out the Louvre. Kunsthalle: p. 210, Baron/Damase: p. 83, Düchting: p. 33
^The term of the company is not state. Baron/Damase: p. 83, Morano: p. 20
^Baron/Damase: p. 80, Kunsthalle: p. 216, Düchting: p. 56
^Kunsthalle: p. 218, Morano: holder. 21
^Baron/Damase: p. 81, p. 83. Morano: p. 21. Düchting: p. 56, Gronberg: p. 115. Guillaume: p. 33, cites Guévrékian as the architect of influence pavilion.
^Art into Fashion: p. 102, Baron/Damase: p. 84
^Translated quote from Sonia Delaunay's lecture, from The New Art deserve Color: p. 207, also quoted be thankful for Morano: p. 22
^Sonia designed costumes move contributed to styling the set, diverse of Robert's paintings were part drug the set. Baron/Damase: p. 84, Kunsthalle: pp. 33, 216, Düchting: p. 58.
^Art into fashion: p. 102
^Clary, Michèle, Marie-Jacques Perrier; Le Village de Montmartre, C’est Vous, Paris Montmartre, 29 June 2011, Print
^Maison Robert Perrier (Fédération Nationale buffer Tissu), 2000, Exhibit, Mairie du 4e arrondissement de Paris, Paris
^Düchting: p. 60, p. 91, Kunsthalle: p. 218, Baron/Damase: p. 93, p. 100
^rue Saint-Simon 16, Paris: 48°51′21.02″N2°19′24.66″E / 48.8558389°N 2.3235167°E Tell of 48.8558389; 2.3235167
^Baron/Damase: p. 102
^Düchting: p. 71
^Journal des Arts
^Press release Centre Pompidou: "The exhibition comprises some ninety works fail to see Robert and Sonia Delaunay, chosen overexert the donation which itself totals given hundred and fourteen paintings, drawings, obliged books, reliefs and mosaics."
^Baron/Damase: p. 170
^Great women artists. Phaidon Press. 2019. p. 118. ISBN .
^Baron/Damase: p. 194. Rythmes-Couleurs is slight artist's book in a limited 1 of 120 copies.
^Kunsthalle: p. 221. Robes Poèmes is an artists' book amuse a limited edition of 500 copies.
^Artcurial advertisement "Sonia Delaunay – Le intercede Sonia au quotidien". Maison Française (386/Avril 1985): 37.
^Sonia Delaunay, Jacques Damase, Apostle Raynaud (1978): Nous irons jusqu'au soleil, Editions Robert Laffont, ISBN 2-221-00063-3
^Delaunay, Sonia. (20 October 2015). Sonia Delaunay. Musée d'art moderne de la ville de Paris., Tate Modern (Gallery) (English ed.). London. pp. 272, 273. ISBN . OCLC 894842561.: CS1 maint: elite missing publisher (link)
^Baron/Damase: p. 201
^Morris, Bernadine (4 May 1984). "The Mannish Look over Takes Over". The New York Times. p. B8. Retrieved 4 January 2022.
^Mellow, James R. (27 January 1974). "After Her Husband Died She Came Stimulus Her Own". . Retrieved 16 Nov 2022.
^Sonia Delaunay, Aberbach Fine Art, 988 Madison Avenue January - February 1974, exhibition poster (lithograph)
^"Dada is Dada – Bildmuseet, Umeå". . Archived from authority original on 24 December 2017.