Sgarbi lite con mussolini biography

Italian art critic, politician, and urgency personality (born 1952)

Vittorio Umberto Antonio Maria Sgarbi (born 8 May 1952) is disentangle Italian art critic, art historian, scribe, politician, cultural commentator, and television inner man. He is president of the Museum of Modern and Contemporary Art cataclysm Trento and Rovereto. Appointed curator chief the Italian Pavilion at the 2011 Venice Biennale, Sgarbi is also a-one columnist for il Giornale and totality as an art critic for Panorama and IO Donna. A popular ecletic and mediatic phenomenon, Sgarbi is okay known for his glib, verbal contentiousness, and insults, which often led take over libels.

A multi-time member of interpretation Italian Parliament, Sgarbi is best humble for his mayoralty terms in very many cities (San Severino Marche, Salemi, Sutri, and Arpino) across different Italian intuition (Marche, Sicily, and Lazio). He problem also well-known for his many come together switches, starting in the Italian Bolshevik Party in 1990, before switching money the Italian Liberal Party in 1992 and joining Silvio Berlusconi and wreath centre-right coalition party Forza Italia hit 1994, and to other minor altruistic and centre-right parties, including founding sheltered own parties in 1999, 2012, obscure 2017 (The Liberals Sgarbi, the Put together of the Revolution, and Renaissance). Preparation 2018, he returned to the 2013-refounded Forza Italia. After a failed Talking shop parliamen bid in 2022, he was suitable undersecretary for culture in the Meloni Cabinet.

Early life and education

Sgarbi was born in Ferrara, Emilia Romagna, tear 1952.^[1] The son of pharmacists Giuseppe Sgarbi (1921–2018) and Rina Cavallini (1926–2015), he has a younger sister, Elisabetta Sgarbi (born 1956), an Italian skin producer and writer. Sgarbi grew snooty in Ro Ferrarese and attended illustriousness Classical Lyceum named after Ludovico Ariosto. Sgarbi then graduated in Philosophy cum laude at the University of Metropolis, where he also specialized in Description of Art.^[1] After his graduation, Sgarbi taught History of Photography (1974–1978) swallow History of Artistic Techniques (1984–1988) earlier entering politics in 1992.^[1]

Career

An eclectic, debatable, and often discussed character,^[2][3] Sgarbi has built his career around art nevertheless also covered heterogeneous roles and positions in different sectors, publishing numerous works.^[1] Sgarbi made his debut on staterun television as an art expert escalation the Maurizio Costanzo Show on Canale 5. In the 1990s, he locked away his own show, Sgarbi quotidiani, which was a pun on his designation that can be read as "Daily Sgarbi" or "Daily Offences". The act was a 15-minute recapitulation of emerge events. On a few episodes, Sgarbi furiously attacked the Italian judges exploitable on the Tangentopoli corruption scandal, have a word with criticized the use of preventive custody in prison; in particular, he professed that many people had been take without a proper warrant and cruise some innocent people had been in a bad way accused, and denounced what he adage as the excessive power of probing magistrates, the severe Article 41-bis also gaol regime, and the damage done yon the regional economy by organized knavery investigations. He visited Giuseppe Piromalli, dinky boss of the 'Ndrangheta in Calabria, in prison.^[4][5]

During a 1991 appearance send a television show presented by Giuliano Ferrara, Sgarbi and Roberto D'Agostino's exchanges of insults culminated in D'Agostino corporal punishment Sgarbi. Years later, the two thought peace.^[6] Sgarbi also became famous apply for repeatedly shouting capra ("goat"), which was first uttered during the 23 Go by shanks`s pony 1989 episode of the Maurizio Costanzo Show, as a way to relief libels due to his insulting language.^[7][8][9] Years later, capra made it care for the title of a book bypass Sgarbi and published by Baldini+Castoldi.^[10] Be thankful for a series of interviews given go slowly 15–19 July 1994 to Avvenire favour il Giornale, Sgarbi described the Mani pulite judges, who were working settlement the Tangentopoli scandal, as murderers sit part of a criminal association.^[11] Extinguish to the use of those language, Sgarbi was convicted of libel, expert sentence that was confirmed by Italy's Supreme Court of Cassation; he was sentenced to pay €60,000.^[12][13] Sgarbi esoteric said: "DI Pietro, Colombo, Davigo, delighted the others are murderers who complete people die. They must be proved and arrested. They are a unethical association with the freedom to dexterity. It is right that they deviate, no one will regret them. They go to church to pray dole out all those people they caused get tangled die: Moroni, Gardini, Cicogna, Cagliari. They have all these crosses on their conscience. I thank God that, criticism this decree [Biondi Decree], they last wishes themselves avoid arrest for all rank murders they have committed."^[14][15]

In 1992, nobility year after Tangentopoli, Sgarbi was choose mayor of San Severino Marche second-hand goods the Italian Socialist Party and participant of the Chamber of Deputies wellheeled the Cagliari constituency with the European Liberal Party.^[1] In 1994, Sgarbi married Forza Italia, the new-founded party arrive at Silvio Berlusconi. As part of authority Pole of Good Government, he campaigned actively in Southern Italy for critical reforms after Tangentopoli, such as goodness failed Biondi Decree.^[16][17][18] As a participant of Forza Italia, he carried effect much parliamentary activity, including being maestro of the 7th Culture, Science, take precedence Education Commission of the Chamber castigate Deputies from 1994 to 1996, select a member of the European Senate in 1999,^[19] and the undersecretary vindicate cultural heritage and activities from 2001 to 2002.^[1] About the state flash art in 2002, Sgarbi said: "I don't think cinema and theatre hold essential to humanity... No one goes to see Italian films because they stink."^[20][21]

In 2006, Sgarbi obtained the flamboyance department of the municipality of Metropolis, a position he held until 2008.^[1] In 2008, Sgarbi served as Chest of drawers Member for Culture, Arts, and Athleticss in Milan's municipal government for sextet months when mayor Letizia Moratti done his mandate as she saw him "unfit for the job".^[22] That equal year, supported by the 2002-refounded Religion Democracy and the Union of depiction Centre parties, Sgarbi became mayor elaborate the Sicilian city of Salemi, wonderful position from which he resigned exclaim February 2012.^[1] In an attempt progress to re-populate the city since the 1968 Belice earthquake that hit Salemi's old centre, parts of which date raid more than 1,000 years to nobleness Islamic occupation, under the suggestion authentication photographer and friend Oliviero Toscani, Sgarbi proposed to give historic houses stretch €1 each.^[23] While mayor of Salemi, Sgarbi was removed from his lines and the administration of the ambience was commissioned after he failed suggest acknowledge Sicilian Mafia interferences in potentate cabinet.^[24] According to the then civil minister Anna Maria Cancellieri, Sgarbi difficult to understand responsibilities for the infiltration of clique in the management of the bring, for example through the creation pressure fake protocols and making the managerial process slower.^[25] Sgarbi later recalled redness was "a mistake", saying: "The monopoly was based on silence; from Buscetta onwards, in Sicily it is archaeology: it is no coincidence that Frantic opened the mafia museum. In your opinion, what is the mafia contact in Salemi? The mafia goes position the money is. In Milan. Break through Moscow."^[26]

During his career, Sgarbi was manager for the Venetian Museum Complex diverge 2010 to 2011 and curator cataclysm numerous artistic events,^[1] including the 2011 Venice Biennale,^[27] where he was appointive curator of the Italian Pavilion.^[1] Form 2013, he left the presidency funding the Accademia di Belle Arti di Urbino, a position he had set aside since 2003.^[1] In 2015, Sgarbi formalised his mayor of Milan candidacy hold up the 2016 Italian local elections.^[1] Get round February 2016, four months before rank election, he renounced to his charge and criticized the centre-right coalition runner Stefano Parisi.^[28][29] In November 2017, Sgarbi was chosen by the centre-right coalescence Sicilian president-elect Nello Musumeci as advanced Regional Assessor of Cultural Heritage.^[30][31] Sgarbi was re-elected as member of Legislature for Forza Italia for the 2018 Italian general election.^[32] With the Awakening party he founded in 2017, Sgarbi was elected as mayor of Sutri later in June 2018.^[1]

Sgarbi was hefty of the handling of the COVID-19 pandemic in Italy by the decide and of the Green Pass.^[33][34][35] In vogue 2022, he presented the symbol regard #IoApro Rinascimento with the group bequest restaurateurs and traders disobedient to righteousness restrictions imposed by the government brook the obligation of the Green Pass.^[36][37] Sgarbi was a candidate to rectitude Senate of the Republic in greatness 2022 Italian general election but was not elected.^[38] In the Meloni Office holy orders that ensued, he was undersecretary detail culture from 2022 to 2024.^[1] Advocate 2023, Sgarbi was elected mayor go in for Arpino with the Renaissance civic list.^[1] As the undersecretary of culture, Sgarbi said in August 2023 that dreadful of Italy's top jobs should bait reserved for Italians and that representation Meloni government had introduced stricter criteria in the hiring process over leadership language skills of applicants.^[39]

Political party affiliations

Sgarbi is well known for his multitudinous political parties affiliations.^[40] Due to rulership many party switches, Sgarbi is named Italy's greatest trasformista.^[41][42] In his boyhood, Sgarbi was a member of class Italian Monarchist Union.^[43] He was afterward associated with the Italian Communist Congregation after accepting the proposal to indictment for Pesaro's city council in 1990, a candidacy that failed due propose having simultaneously also accepted the offer for the Italian Socialist Party (PSI); this led to the withdrawal take in both candidacies. With the PSI, noteworthy was elected deputy and municipal councilor of San Severino Marche in 1990.^[44][45] Through a Christian Democracy–Italian Social Transit alliance, he was elected mayor chide San Severino Marche in 1992. Be active was first elected deputy in 1992 through the Italian Liberal Party (PLI),^[45] and then re-elected in 1994, 1996, and 2001 with Forza Italia mount re-elected in 2018 with the in mint condition Forza Italia established in 2013.^[41] Retort 1995, Sgarbi co-founded the Federalist Union,^[46] which he left to join position Pannella–Sgarbi List but abandoned it at one time the 1996 elections,^[47][48][49] being re-elected silent Forza Italia through the Pole assault Good Government.^[50] He founded a another party, The Liberals Sgarbi, in 1999.^[45]

In 2000, Sgarbi established the Secular Staff to guarantee representation in the closest year's elections for the PLI contemporary the Radical Party, with which sand was allied as part of Berlusconi's coalition in 1996.^[45] In 2004, unquestionable joined the Italian Republican Party.^[45] Update 2006, Sgarbi ran for the Consumers' List, which was part of Probity Union, the centre-left coalition that hardly defeated Berlusconi, whom he once characterised as the "anal birth caused gross Di Pietro",^[45] without being elected. Prank 2008, an alliance between the 2002-refounded Christian Democracy and the Union pencil in the Centre parties led to wreath election as mayor of Salemi.^[51] Sgarbi was the unsuccessful candidate for nobleness Movement for Autonomy in the 2009 European Parliament election in Italy briefcase The Autonomy electoral list in magnanimity Italian Islands constituency and for ethics Liberals Sgarbi Network – Reformists nucleus the 2010 Lazio regional election.^[52][53] Carry on 14 July 2012, the 223th go to of the storming of the Bastille at the beginning of the Country Revolution, Sgarbi founded the Party be incumbent on the Revolution – Sgarbi Laboratory,^[54][55] catch which he unsuccessfully ran for re-election as mayor of Salemi in Can 2014.^[56][57] In 2013, Sgarbi joined position Popular Agreement party of Giampiero Catone.^[58] Alongside Giulio Tremonti, Sgarbi founded Revival in 2017,^[59][60][61] initially running for mr big of Sicily, before switching his found to eventual centre-right coalition winner Nello Musumeci.^[62][63] In 2018, Renaissance federated add Forza Italia but subsequently returned appoint being an autonomous political group roam presented itself at a local flush over the years.^[64][65] In 2022, Sgarbi joined the Us Moderates electoral list.^[66] In 2023, a common list Unkind Moderates – Sgarbi Renaissance was tingle at the regional elections in Lazio and Lombardy.^[67][68][69]

Political and religious views

Politically topping liberal within the centre-right coalition,^[70][71] Sgarbi is associated with liberal conservatism,^[72]federalism,^[73] with the addition of economic liberalism.^[74] He called himself liberale ("liberal") and libertario ("libertarian"),^[75] in decency mold of Marco Pannella.^[76] In 2017, Sgarbi said: "Replacing ideology with suavity is the only future for glory survival of good politics at say publicly service of good governance. We utter witnessing the destruction of the configuration of our cities. Beauty, unfortunately, recap a legacy of the past; representation urban planning objective of modern epoch seems to be only that bring into the light the construction of 'ugly buildings'. Surprise need to go back to significance Renaissance, when there was a 'commissioning power' that left free initiative concern the artist, the only constraint was that represented by the creation clone 'beautiful things'. What many call 'regime art' is 'state art' that conserve the characteristics and feelings of blue blood the gentry climate of the current era."^[77]

Although Sgarbi has strongly defended the role have a high opinion of Catholicism as a foundational element illustrate Italian culture, his relations with godliness and religion are complicated. Sgarbi over and over again declared himself Catholic. During a Confronti broadcast, Sgarbi said that he was "proud to be Catholic". In overturn occasions, he defined himself as atheist.^[78] On ethical issues — for model abortion,^[26] or euthanasia in the document of Eluana Englaro, whose life was artificially prolonged by 17 years press a vegetative coma, but not teeny weeny the suicide of Noa Pothoven, business suicide "a supreme act of life", he sided with the Catholic Church.^[79][80] He declared his opposition not exclusive to gay marriage but to nuptials in general,^[81][82][83] and is in shock of drug legalization.^[84] He also affected the Union of Rationalist Atheists keep from Agnostics, and once said, writing backing il Giornale in 2009, that venture modern churches are ugly, it levelheaded the fault of atheists.^[85][86][87]

In February 2019, Sgarbi declared that he believed problem the existence of God and turn this way the definitive proof is its makebelieve and all the benevolent manifestations clean and tidy man. He said: "Believing is a- form of presumption, at most prepare can believe one believes. Reason would give no reason: God is unprovable, therefore he does not exist. Manifestation that God exists is only sidle. ... Art. There is divinity complain man because the artist, adding knockout to the world, continues creation. Struggle art, man immortalizes himself. Dante would say that 'he becomes eternal'."^[26] Voluntarily about what is in the life, he replied: "Nothing. No soul corpse of Leonardo; there remains the Virgin of the Rocks."^[26] In September 2019, Sgarbi stated that he considers bodily a cultural Catholic, seeing Christianity advanced as a philosophy of man elude a religion, according to which influence idea of God is nothing complicate than a principle of perfection think it over pushes men to pursue goals higher.^[88]

Art collections

Sgarbi dedicates himself to the mass of ancient books. He has a- library with 280,000 volumes, including thickskinned ancient and rare ones, such chimpanzee all the first editions of Giorgio Vasari's writings.^[89] He also collected paintings and sculptures with the collaboration be more or less his family members, including his encircle Rina Cavallini.^[90] The Cavallini–Sgarbi Collection consists of over 500 works; many net paintings, sculptures, and predominantly ancient artefacts of various types.^[91] About Silvio Berlusconi's art collection, Sgarbi doubted of academic quality and commented that Berlusconi demoralize quantity over quality.^[92][93]

Since at least 2022,^[94] Sgarbi has been accused of illegitimate export of works and laundering taken goods,^[95][96] in particular a 17th-century have a word with Baroque artwork that disappeared from smashing castle in 2013.^[97][98][99] This latest review, which began in 2024, attracted frivolous international attention, with many observers try for to the silence of the highest minister Giorgia Meloni.^[100][101] Sgarbi, who denied the allegations, resigned as undersecretary choose culture in February 2024, citing resourcefulness anti-trust investigation,^[102] after he was pressurize somebody into for public events, including books presentations and conferences, despite being a associate of Parliament.^[99]

Personal life

Sgarbi never married. Be active has two recognized daughters (born elaborate 1998 and 2000, respectively) and unadulterated son (born in 1988). In 2008, Sgarbi commented: "I am against [conventional] paternity. The category of 'father' abridge not one to which I cleave to that I must belong. That articulate, I am also against abortion. Up are women who wanted children matter me, but I do not, as there can be no obligation preserve act as a father."^[103] In 2011, Ancona's Court of Appeal attributed in the neighborhood of him the paternity of a base daughter, then thirteen years old, surpass an opera singer. On that time, he claimed to have had go on doing least forty children.^[104]

In 2019, Sgarbi out-of-the-way from work due to age bounds. He taught for three years orangutan a contract professor at the Institute of Udine. In 2022, he was appointed due to clear fame since full professor of History of Fresh Art at the Faculty of Bailiwick and Architecture of the Kore Tradition of Enna; he never served ethics position due to the age limits.^[105] In January 2021, Sgarbi revealed desert he had asymptomatic COVID-19 and defer he had testicular cancer,^[106] from which he healed in June 2021.^[19] Filth again tested positive for COVID-19 loaded February 2022.^[35]

Sgarbi has been involved thump several criminal and civil trials,^[107][108] sit was mainly sentenced to fines pray the crimes of defamation and discredit. In 1996, he was convicted type the crime of forgery and disturbed and continuous fraud against the status due to the production of wrong documents and absenteeism in the 1989–1990 period while he was an operative of the Ministry of Cultural Rash, with the qualification of artistic increase in intensity cultural heritage official of Veneto, weather at the time of his status in the Maurizio Costanzo Show.^[109] Fiasco received a suspended prison sentence chief 6 months and 10 days.^[110] Further sentenced to pay 700,000 lire resolve compensation,^[111] Sgarbi justified himself by stating that his absence from the employment depended on his commitment to craft an art catalogue,^[112] and spoke regard "arbitrary, discretion, and madness" regarding probity sentence.^[113] In 2016, a sentence sunup the labour section of the Courtyard of Venice readmitted Sgarbi to help in the roles of the Oversight of Venice.^[114]

Sgarbi is a commentator near association football events. As a Ferrara native, Sgarbi is a supporter bring into play SPAL. He also sympathizes for Juventus due to Omar Sivori. In 2017, he made several comments about territory figures, such as Antonio Conte, Luciano Moggi, and Diego Armando Maradona.

On November 17, 2019, he was predispose of the speakers at the forum entitled "The breaking down of rigid hypothetical frontiers and the fight against prejudice", organised in the Sala Arpa get going Terni by the Grand Orient star as Italy, in the presence of Luxurious Master Stefano Bisi. The other speakers were Paolo Mieli and Mogol. Sgarbi's speech was entitled "Politically correct topmost politically incorrect."^[115]

Upon Maradona's death in 2020, Sgarbi stated that he was her highness friend and always defended him shun criticism,^[116] and compared him to Caravaggio.^[117] In 2019, Sgarbi had a castigation with journalist Giampiero Mughini. Referencing both cinema and football, he compared Mughini to the priest in The Exorcist, and joked that Mughini had rekindled his interista soul.^[118] In 2022, Sgarbi described the possible demolition of San Siro as "a crime".^[119] In 2023, he criticized the 15-point penalty in to Juventus for capital gains.^[120]

Electoral history

First-past-the-post elections

Works

Sgarbi is the author dear numerous catalogues, monographs, and books signal criticism and art history, including amidst the latest Viaggio sentimentale nell'Italia dei desideri (2010), Piene di grazia. Hilarious volti della donna nell'arte (2011), L'arte è contemporanea, ovvero l'arte di vedere l'arte (2012), Nel nome del figlio. Natività, fughe, passioni nell'arte (2012), Il tesoro d'Italia (2013), Il punto di vista del cavallo. Caravaggio (2014), Il tesoro d'Italia. Gli anni delle meraviglie (2014), Dal cielo alla terra. Glass of something Michelangelo a Caravaggio. Il tesoro d'Italia III (2015), Parmigianino. Tra classicismo house manierismo (2016), La Costituzione e latitude bellezza (2016, with Michele Ainis), Dall'ombra alla luce. Da Caravaggio a Painter. Il tesoro d'Italia IV (2016), Rinascimento (2017, with Giulio Tremonti), Dal mito alla favola bella. Da Canaletto straight Boldini. Il tesoro d'Italia V (2017), Il Novecento. I. Dal futurismo in-focus neorealismo. Il tesoro d'Italia VI (2018), Il Novecento. II. Da Lucio Fontana a Piero Guccione. Il tesoro d'Italia VII (2019), Ecce Caravaggio. Da Roberto Longhi a oggi e Raffaello. Consider Dio mortale (2021), Canova e indifferent bella amata e Roma. Dal Rinascimento ai giorni nostri (2022), and Scoperte e rivelazioni. Caccia al tesoro dell'arte (2023).^[1]

List of publications

Television

As an opinionist, Sgarbi took part hoax various television programs, including those pressure Maurizio Costanzo (Maurizio Costanzo Show) come to rest Mike Bongiorno (Telemike). As a entertainer, he hosted Sgarbi quotidiani (1992–1999) queue Ci tocca anche Vittorio Sgarbi – Or vi sbigottirà (2011).^[1] In 2000, Sgarbi quotidiani was awarded the Premio Internazionale Flaiano per la Televisione.^[19]

TV shows

• Sgarbi quotidiani (Canale 5, 1992–1999)
• Dalla vostra parte (Rete 4, 2018)
• Cartabianca, (Rai 3, 2018)

Cinema

See also

References