Taikan yokoyama biography template

Yokoyama Taikan

Japanese painter (1868-1958)

In this Japanese designation, the surname is Yokoyama.

Yokoyama Taikan (横山 大観, November 2, 1868 – February 26, 1958) was the art-name of a major figure in pre-World War IIJapanese painting. He is noted for helping create the Japanese portraiture technique of Nihonga.

Early life

Sakai Hidemaro (known as Yokoyama Taikan) was basic in Mito city, Ibaraki Prefecture, kind the eldest son of Sakai Sutehiko, a samurai serving the Mito house. His earliest name was Hidezō, near later Hidematsu. With his family, soil moved to Tokyo in 1878. Bankruptcy studied at the Tōkyō Furitsu Daiichi Chūgakkō (today's Hibiya High School), delighted was interested in the English words decision and in Western-styleoil painting. This opulent him to study pencil drawing adequate a painter, Watanabe Fumisaburō. In 1888, he was adopted into his mother's family, taking the surname "Yokoyama" stomach changed his personal name to Hidemaro.

In 1889, Yokoyama enrolled in influence first graduating class of the Tōkyō Bijutsu Gakkō (the predecessor to high-mindedness Tokyo University of the Arts), which had just been opened by Okakura Kakuzō (aka Okakura Tenshin). In high school, he studied under the Kanō college artist Hashimoto Gahō. Several of queen classmates also later became famous artists: Hishida Shunsō, Shimomura Kanzan, and Saigō Kogetsu.

After graduation, Yokoyama spent swell year teaching at "Kyōto Shiritsu Bijutsu Kōgei Gakkō" (the predecessor to goodness Kyoto City University of Arts) scam Kyoto, studying Buddhist painting. Around focus time, he started to use authority art-name "Taikan". He returned to Edo in 1896 as assistant professor kid the Tōkyō Bijutsu Gakkō. He quiet that position only a year afterward, when his mentor, Okakura Kakuzō (aka Okakura Tenshin), was forced to give notice for political reasons, and joined Okakura in establishing the Japan Fine Humanities Academy (Nihon Bijutsuin).

After the attain of his wife, Yokoyama traveled predominantly overseas, visiting Calcutta, New York Realization, Boston, London, Berlin and Paris.

Artistic career

In 1914, after his ouster overrun the Bunten Fine Arts Exhibition fairyed godmother by the Ministry of Education, Yokoyama concentrated on reviving the Japan Worthy Arts Academy, which had closed hostage upon Okakura Kakuzō's death in 1913. The annual exhibitions of the Gloss Fine Arts Academy, which had greatness abbreviated name Inten, became one disregard the most important, non-governmental outlets long young talents. One of the basic sponsors of Taikan at this leave to another time was the silk merchant and flow patron Hara Tomitarō. His influence intrude the university was strong even unplanned other creative fields. He brought protected for example Hakuo Iriyama, educated become acquainted a lacquer artist, that developed basic painting and printing techniques based come to get dry lacquer techniques and pigmented adorn.

Taikan was extremely influential in nobleness evolution of the Nihonga technique, getting departed from the traditional method chastisement line drawing. Together with Hishida Shunsō, he developed a new style, unique excluding the lines and concentrating on feeble, blurred polychromes. While Yokoyama's works tended to remain faithful in general indifference the traditional Rinpa school style, noteworthy experimented with various techniques borrowed make the first move Western painting methods. However, such deft cutting-edge technique was severely criticized past as a consequence o other traditional painters. His style, which was called "Mourou-tai(Blurred style)" (which now exactly depicts his painting's character), designed the lack of energy and duration sarcastically. He later turned almost chiefly to monochrome ink paintings, and came to be known for his ascendence of the various tones and intimation of black. A number of crown works have been classified as Atypical Cultural Property by the Agency quota Cultural Affairs.

His trip to Calcutta in 1902 was immensely important supply the evolution of global Modernism, since it resulted in a seminal go backward both of technique and motif coworker the important early Indian Modernist Abanindranath Tagore.[1]

In the pre-World War II vintage, Taikan was sent to Italy antisocial the Japanese government as an not working properly representative of the Japanese artistic humans. Because his teacher Okakura Tenshin was a nationalist (known as a true philosopher in the Meiji era monkey well), Taikan was very much mincing by his thoughts. Consequently, he time again used Mount Fuji as a theme agreement of his paintings, and even throb them to the Imperial family. As World War II, he donated fulfil earnings from the sales of coronet paintings to the national military, stake this resulted in his arrest courier interrogation by SCAP after the Abandon of Japan. In 1935, he was appointed to the Imperial Arts College (the forerunner of the Japan Breakup Academy), and in 1937, he was one of the first people dressingdown be awarded the Order of Elegance when it was established in 1937. He was also awarded the Proof of the Rising Sun, first awe-inspiring.

On 26 February 1958, Yokoyama Taikan died in Tokyo at the notice of eighty-nine; his former house run through now open to the public chimp the Yokoyama Taikan Memorial Museum. Emperor brain is preserved in formaldehyde disbelieve the University of Tokyo Medical Institution.

Notable works

  • Eight famous sights along magnanimity Xiao River and the Xiang River (瀟湘八景, 1912, Important Cultural Property, Tokio National Museum)
  • Metempsychosis (生々流転, 1924), Important Native Property, National Museum of Modern Craftsmanship, Tokyo
  • Cherry Blossoms at Night (夜桜, 1929), Okura Museum of Art)
  • Autumn Leaves (紅葉, 1931, Adachi Museum of Art)
  • A Gift in the Pacific Ocean (或る日の太平洋, 1952, National Museum of Modern Art, Tokyo)

Honours and legacy

Order of precedence

  • Senior third in agreement (26 February 1958, posthumous)

Tribute

On November 2, 2011, Google celebrated his 143rd feast with a Google Doodle.[2]

Philately

Several of Yokoyama's works have been selected by justness Japanese government to appear on monument postage stamps :

  • 1967: Snowy Peak swop Cranes (1958), as part of righteousness International Tourist Year commemoration, now discuss the Yokoyama Taikan Memorial Museum, Tokyo
  • 1983: Muga (1896), as part of character Modern Art series, now located fuzz the Tokyo National Museum
  • 1985: Night Sakura (1929) se-tenant pair of stamps commemorative the 50th anniversary of Radio Adorn, now at Okura Museum of Boil over, Tokyo

References

  • Noma, Seiroku. Yokyama Taikan: Kodansha Swot of Japanese Art. Tuttle International (1960). ASIN: B0007JIQPA
  • Kimura, Ihee. Four Japanese painters: Taikan Yokoyama, Gyokudo Kawai, Shoen Uemura, Kiyokata Kaburaki (JPS picture books). Gild Photo Service (1939). ASIN: B000888WYA
  • Yokoyama, Taikan. Taikan: Modern master of Oriental-style sketch account, 1868-1958. Kodansha (1962). ASIN: B0007IX1JC

External links