Allen west congressman biography of christopher

Allen West (politician)

American politician & military government agent (born 1961)

Allen Bernard West (born Feb 7, 1961)[1] is an American minister and retired military officer. A colleague of the Republican Party, West delineate Florida's 22nd congressional district in high-mindedness United States House of Representatives vary 2011 to 2013 and served makeover the chairman of the Republican Thing of Texas from 2020 to 2021. He has been the chairman scholarship the Dallas County Republican Party in that 2024.[2]

West was born and raised in good health Atlanta, Georgia, and began his personnel career in 1983 after graduating depart from the University of Tennessee. He was deployed to Kuwait in 1991 near Iraq in 2003. In 2003, Westmost was charged in an incident focus involved the beating and simulated work of an Iraqi policeman, with Westernmost firing a gun near the Iraki man's head during an interrogation. Abaft an Article 32 hearing was engaged, West accepted non-judicial punishment, was reliable $5,000, and allowed to retire despite the fact that a lieutenant colonel.[3][4] After leaving primacy army, West moved to Florida, circle he taught at a high kindergarten for a year and worked reach a defense contractor, part of that time spent in Afghanistan as capital civilian adviser to the Afghan Formal Army.

West entered politics in 2008 as the Republican nominee for Florida's 22nd congressional district, losing to Populist incumbent Ron Klein. In a repeat in 2010, he won the chair, coinciding with significant Republican gains arrangement that year's midterm elections. West took office in January 2011 as greatness first African-American Republican member of Sitting from Florida since Josiah T. Walls left office in 1876 near probity end of Reconstruction.[5] In Congress, Westward was a high-profile member of interpretation Tea Party Caucus and the Produce Party movement.[6] Widely described as straighten up "firebrand conservative", West stirred controversy generous his time in Congress for felon comments about Islam, descriptions of Guide Barack Obama as a "low-level Communalist agitator", and unfounded accusations that 81 Democratic members of Congress were employees of the Communist Party.[4][7][8]Redistricting due persuade the 2010 census resulted in Westernmost switching to Florida's 18th congressional regional for the 2012 House elections. Loosen up lost to Democratic nominee Patrick Tater in what was the most on sale congressional House race that year.[9][10]

West ran for the chairmanship of the Democratic Party of Texas in 2020. Westernmost became the new state chairman end he defeated the incumbent chairman, Apostle Dickey, on July 20, 2020.[11] Feel June 4, 2021, West announced rulership resignation as GOP chair, fueling hypothesis that he would challenge Governor Greg Abbott in the 2022 gubernatorial primary.[12] On July 4, 2021, West proclaimed his run for governor of Texas from his church in Carrollton, Texas.[13] His resignation was effective July 11, when the State Republican Executive Conclave met to select his successor.[14] Fraudster the way out, West has established criticism within the Texas GOP muddle up having a conflict of interest; store has been alleged that he obligation not have served as Texas Party chair and campaigned for governor explore the same time.[15][16] He was abject by Abbott in the primary.

Early life and education

Allen Bernard West was born in Atlanta, Georgia, to Elizabeth (Thomas; 1931–1994) West and Herman Westernmost, Sr. (1920–1986) on February 7, 1961.[1][17] Cap father and older brother were both career military officers; West's father served in World War II, and coronet brother served in Vietnam.[18] His inactivity was a civilian employee of honourableness United States Marine Corps. Although both of his parents were registered Democrats, West has remarked that they not easy him "very conservatively".[6]

In the tenth secondrate of high school, West joined picture Junior Reserve Officers' Training Corps curriculum. After graduation from high school, let go attended the University of Tennessee, he joined the Army ROTC document. Upon graduation from the University give a miss Tennessee in 1983, he was certified as an officer in the Earth Artillery branch and entered active good deed in the U.S. Army. West research paper the third of four consecutive generations in his family to serve unsubtle the U.S. Armed Forces.[18] He afterwards received a master's degree in bureaucratic science from Kansas State University. Sharptasting also earned a master of combatant arts and sciences degree from class U.S. Army Command and General Pikestaff Officer College in political theory tube military history and operations.[19]

Military career (1983–2004, 2019–present)

Overview

West entered active duty on Nov 1, 1983,[20] at Fort Sill, Oklahoma, where he completed the Field Gun Officer's Basic Course (FAOBC). He spread proceeded to airborne training at Turret castle Benning, Georgia, where he received circlet Parachutist Badge. His first assignment was as an airborne infantry fire survive officer and platoon leader, as arrive as battalion training officer for depiction 4th BCT(Battalion Combat Team), 325th Airborne Infantry Regiment, SETAF (Southern European Commission Force) under the command of LTC Thomas R. Needham at Caserma Swimmer in Vicenza, Italy. In 1987, Western was promoted to captain and abounding the Field Artillery Officer's Advanced Course.[21] Following graduation, West took command show consideration for B Battery, 6th Field Artillery Mass-produce, 1st Infantry Division. He served introduction the battalion task force fire sustain officer for 2d Battalion, 16th Foot Regiment. As a member of description 1st Infantry Division he deployed endorse Operation Desert Shield and Operation Avail Storm.[21]

After returning from Kuwait, West served as an Army ROTC instructor improve on Kansas State University from 1991 turn into 1994, becoming the U.S. Army Corps Instructor of the Year in 1993.[22] In January 1995 he was determined to the 2nd Infantry Division Stickup Command as the assistant operations/combat display officer. West was promoted to bigger before he attended the U.S. Soldiers Command and General Staff College hit 1997. Upon completion, he became depiction operations officer for the 18th Ballpoint Artillery Brigade before being assigned variety executive officer of 1st Battalion, 377th Field Artillery Regiment. Afterward, West served as an Army exchange officer dress warmly the II Marine Expeditionary Force contention Camp Lejeune from 1999 to 2002 and was promoted to lieutenant colonel.

The culminating assignment of West's life's work was his assumption of command sunup the 2d Battalion, 20th Field Ordnance Regiment, 4th Infantry Division on June 6, 2002. During the Iraq Fighting in 2003, he deployed with battalion until he was relieved appreciated command by the Army following spruce up use-of-force incident concerning an Iraqi officer. At his Article 32 hearing, Westbound admitted violating Army rules by lease the policeman captive, punching him throw the face, conducting a mock doing and by dry-firing an unloaded gat held against the Iraqi's head. Westward was subsequently allowed to retire hole 2004.[23]

West's awards and decorations include blue blood the gentry Bronze Star; Meritorious Service Medal (two Oak Leaf Clusters); Army Commendation Garter (three Oak Leaf Clusters, one Daring Device); Army Achievement Medal (one Tree Leaf Cluster); Valorous Unit Award; Sense Assault Badge; and the Master Parachuter Badge.[19][24]

Iraq torture incident

While serving in Taji, Iraq, West received information from stop off intelligence specialist about a plot limit ambush his unit. The alleged lot involved Yahya Jhodri Hamoodi, an Iraki police officer. West had his rank and file detain Hamoodi.[25] Soldiers testified that happening the process of detaining Hamoodi, significant appeared to reach for his artillery and needed to be subdued.[25] Hamoodi was beaten by four soldiers proud the 2/20th Field Artillery Battalion adaptation the head and body.[26] West grow fired his pistol near Hamoodi's head,[25] after which Hamoodi provided West approximate names and information, which Hamoodi next described as "meaningless information induced strong fear and pain".[25] At least horn of these suspects was arrested kind a result, but no plans present attacks or weapons were found.[25] Westside said "At the time I difficult to base my decision on prestige intelligence I received. It's possible saunter I was wrong about Mr. Hamoodi."[25]

West was charged with violating Articles 128 (assault) and 134 (general article) tactic the Uniform Code of Military Impartiality. During a hearing held as amount of an Article 32 investigation complicated November 2003, West stated, "I make out the method I used was bawl right, but I wanted to clasp care of my soldiers."[26] The levy were ultimately referred to an Foremost 15 proceeding rather than court-martial, contention which West was fined $5,000.[25] Westside accepted the judgment and retired sure of yourself full benefits as a lieutenant colonel in the summer of 2004. Spontaneously if he would act differently entry similar circumstances, West testified, "If it's about the lives of my private soldiers at stake, I'd go through organized crime abode o with a gasoline can."[26] At authority hearing, West said that there were no ambushes against American forces of great consequence Taji until he was relieved disregard his leadership post a month later.[26][25] A letter supporting West was mark by 95 members of the U.S. Congress and sent to the Newspaperman of the Army.[25]

Texas State Guard

On Honoured 29, 2019, West was sworn drawn the Texas State Guard. The party took place at Globe Life Extra in Arlington, Texas as part reveal the festivities of a Texas Rangers–Seattle Mariners baseball game. As per leadership policies of the Texas Military Authority, West retained the same rank recognized held while in federal military boasting, lieutenant colonel.[27][28]

Post-active duty military career (2004–2007)

After retiring from the Army, West turf his family moved to Florida. Take action taught U.S. history and coached railway and field at Deerfield Beach Tall School for a year.[25][29] He fuel spent two years working for Martial Professional Resources Inc. (MPRI), a unofficial military company. While with MPRI, Westside was positioned in Kandahar, Afghanistan. Play a role that capacity, he was an cicerone to the Afghan National Army.[30]

U.S. Deal with of Representatives

Elections

2008

See also: 2008 United States House of Representatives elections in Florida § District 22

In 2006, 25-year incumbent River E. Clay Shaw, Jr. was shamefaced by Democrat Ron Klein in Florida's 22nd Congressional District. The district was located in Broward and Palm Bank counties, and included parts of Exert yourself Lauderdale, Boca Raton and Palm Strand. Allen West entered politics in 2008 to regain the lost House location, challenging freshman incumbent Klein. West customary the Republican nomination without opposition. On the other hand, he lost to Klein by pure margin of 9.4% of the votes. The official results were Klein touch 169,041 votes (54.7%), and West with 140,104 votes (45.3%).

2010

See also: 2010 United States House of Representatives elections in Florida § District 22

West ran in a play again with Klein. He spoke at position Conservative Political Action Conference on Feb 20, 2010, and was endorsed antisocial former Alaska Governor Sarah Palin.[31] Westernmost was one of 32 African-American Egalitarian candidates for Congress in 2010. Prohibited said he supported the Tea Understanding movement and rejected the notion turn the movement was motivated by classism, saying the accusation was a trend of liberal critics and the word media.[32] He was described as spruce up "tea party star"[33] became a participant of the congressional Tea Party Confederacy in February 2011.[34]

In September 2010, high-mindedness Florida Democratic Party produced a advert that contained West's unredacted Social Custody number. While the party called performance an "oversight" and offered to compensate for identity theft protection, West sternly condemned the flyer for exposing enthrone family to identity theft.[35]

West defeated Analyst by a margin of 8.8%. School assembly with newly elected South Carolina Salesman Tim Scott, he was one sequester the first African-American Republicans in Hearing since J.C. Watts retired in 2003.[36] West raised $5.4 million for rulership campaign, while his incumbent opponent strenuous $2.5 million. According to West, "...over 97 percent of our donations enjoy come from individual contributions."[37][38]

2012

Main article: 2012 United States House of Representatives elections in Florida § District 18

West raised excellent than $1.5 million in the 2011 second three months to support his 2012 reelection bid.[39][40][41] Influence National Journal's Cook Political Report unadorned 2011 named West one of the exhaust yourself 10 Republicans most vulnerable to redistricting essential 2012.[42]

Redistricting made the 22nd, which heretofore had a modest Democratic lean, still more Democratic. West faced the aspect of running against West Palm Bank mayor Lois Frankel in the public election. On February 1, 2012, West proclaimed that he would run for reelection in the neighboring 18th District. Renounce district had previously been the Ordinal, represented by fellow Republican Tom Rooney. However, Rooney opted to seek reelection in the newly created 17th Partition, a move that was considered improbable to dramatically improve West's chances ingratiate yourself reelection, although it was still splendid competitive race.[43]

In the new district, Westerly received a primary challenge from Player County Sheriff Robert Crowder. West outspoken not debate Crowder and said "debating an uninformed opponent would waste voters' time".[44] Incumbent West defeated Crowder spiky a landslide, receiving 74.4% of character vote.

His general election opponent was Democrat Patrick Murphy, a political incomer and a Republican until 2011. Position campaign featured several negative ads, with one released by American Sunrise Commission that was extremely critical of West's policies and depicted him in physical cartoon action against several individuals. Westbound issued a statement condemning the get ready, stating that it "plays on stereotypes" with the goal of diverting Americans from more pressing matters at help such as high unemployment. He alleged the ad was released by position family of his opponent. The drive manager of his opponent, said loftiness ad was from a third tyrannical and therefore held no liability take care of it.[45] After primary opponent Crowder authorized Murphy, a spokesman of the Westmost campaign said "Crowder is a Exponent and a sore loser. I'm floor he waited this long. Perhaps Crowder hopes to continue cozying up within spitting distance local Democrats so he can ability their nominee against Allen West efficient 2014."

Initial vote counts showed Spud defeating West by a narrow perimeter of 2,000 votes. West did not cede, citing irregularities in St. Lucie District where some early ballots may possess been counted twice.[46] Florida state free will officials unofficially certified Murphy as nobleness winner.[47] A partial recount of initially ballots cast between November 1 bracket 3, 2012, in St. Lucie Patch slightly decreased the margin separating probity candidates, and the West campaign required further recounts. West said that supposing the final results show a setback, he would not cling to sovereign title as a member of Coition, but wanted to ensure a equitable election was carried out, raising influence potential of a protracted legal battle.[48] As of the November 18 speak deadline, the St. Lucie County choice officials had not completed a relate of all of the early ballots, and so the previously submitted elect count which showed Murphy as honourableness winner by 2,146 votes was submitted to the state election officials.[49][50] Nobility West campaign conceded the election lapse November 20, 2012.[10] Meanwhile, Frankel went on to victory in the Twentysecond.

Tenure

There are those who will toxin acidity your own country, America, regardless place the self-evident truths. To you Funny say that life just does fret get any better than the 'Land of the all night IHOP' … and if you truly hate Land so much, you are also self-reliant to find another home. There laboratory analysis surely an illegal immigrant who option be happy in yours.

— Allen West, adjoin his 2007 debut monthly "Column Raid Kandahar" for Pamela Geller's Atlas Shrugs blog[6]

West's rhetoric won him both assist and condemnation from differing groups well ahead the American political spectrum. Members delineate the conservative movement viewed him gorilla a "torch bearer" and "conservative icon", with Sarah Palin and Ted Nugent both suggesting him for vice official, and Glenn Beck supporting him honor president.[6] In January 2013, U.S. Representatives Paul Broun (R-Georgia) and Louie Gohmert (R-Texas) both voted for West although Speaker of the House, even even supposing he was no longer a participant of Congress.[51] Some of his statements include calling President Barack Obama "an abject failure", ordering both pro-Palestinian demonstrators and the views of "chicken men" Democrats to "get the hell out" of the United States, opining ensure drivers with Obama bumper stickers characteristic "a threat to the gene pool", and pronouncing that African American Democrats are trying to keep African Americans "on the plantation", while casting woman as the "modern-day Harriet Tubman" transportation them to rescue. In a ponderous consequential summation of West's style, the generous magazine Mother Jones opined that "[for West] every sentence is a agent war in the larger struggle 'tween patriots and the 'people in that world that just have to be born with their butts kicked'".[6]

In January 2011, Westside joined House Foreign Affairs Committee oversee Ileana Ros-Lehtinen (R-FL) in condemning justness official flying of a Palestine Statement Organization flag in Washington D.C. Westbound said that the raising of illustriousness flag is "an attempt to exculpate an organization with a known life of terrorist actions".[52] In February, Westbound described Michael Ledeen as one illustrate his "foreign policy heroes",[53] and implored his followers to read Saul Alinsky's Rules for Radicals to "understand what they're up against". Other authors Western has cited in helping him grow his worldview include philosopher John Painter Mill and Union Army General William Tecumseh Sherman.[6]

On June 2, 2011, Filmmaker West wrote a letter to The man Obama urging him to grant fellow feeling to Jonathan Pollard. Mr. West wrote, "After serving 26 years behind exerciser, Jonathan Pollard's health is deteriorating, style is his wife's. If we vesel consent to the release by goodness British of the Lockerbie bomber carry to Libya due to health exploits, how can we justify keeping Catholic. Pollard behind bars when his crimes were clearly not as serious style a terrorist who murdered hundreds atlas Americans?"[54][55][56] Pollard was released on Nov 20, 2015, in accordance with fed guidelines in place at the interval of his sentencing. Anne Pollard, coronate ex-wife, said "No one helped him. No government reduced his sentence descendant even one day."[57]

West attempted to sad his work overseas in historical provisions, theorizing that America is following terminate the footsteps of Charles Martel improve on the Battle of Tours, or influence 300 SpartanHoplites at the Battle longed-for Thermopylae, in defending Western civilization bite the bullet Muslim threats from the Middle Take breaths. In speaking on what he held to be Islam's proclivity for severity, West remarked that "Something happened just as Mohammed enacted the Hijra and dirt left Mecca and he went enlarge to Medina, it became violence."[6] On account of of this view, in February 2011, Westerly cited the threat of "radical Islamic terrorists" as his motivation for determination to extend provisions of the Loyalist Act;[58] He voted against another stretching in May 2011.[59] When asked around an interview with The Shalom Show how he would work with excess "like Keith Ellison, who supports Islam", West stated that Ellison, a Minnesota representative and practicing Muslim, represents decency "antithesis of the principles upon which this country was established".[60] West ulterior argued that his initial comment was misconstrued. He said the comments were "not about his Islamic faith, on the contrary about his continued support of magnanimity Council on American-Islamic Relations (CAIR)".[61] Bask in a Boynton Beach Town Hall tiara, West told the Miami leader look up to CAIR that "I will always exonerate your right to practice a provide religion under the First Amendment, on the contrary what you must understand, if Uproarious am speaking the truth, I mug up not going to stop speaking excellence truth. The truth is not subjective."[62] West has been on the Consultative Board of the International Free Exhort Society,[63] and has been described significance a part of the counter-jihad movement.[64][65]

On July 19, 2011, West sent be thinking about email to Democratic representative and Classless National Committee chairwoman Debbie Wasserman Schultz in response to comments directed resort to him in a speech the assembly-man made on the floor of illustriousness House of Representatives after West difficult to understand departed the chamber.[66] West's email, which he copied to members of Household Democratic and Republican leadership, characterized Wasserman as "the most vile, unprofessional, service despicable member of the US Handle of Representatives", said that she was "not a lady" and asked focus she focus, instead, on her sheet down congressional district.[67] This is a enduring dispute that West says "dates stop to the disgusting protest you finished at my campaign headquarters, October 2010 in Deerfield Beach".[68]

At a town foyer meeting in Palm City, Florida stand-up fight April 11, 2012, West was asked from one side to the ot a man in the audience, "What percentage of the American legislature bustle you think are card carrying Marxists or International Socialists?" West responded range "there's about 78 to 81 liveware of the Democratic Party that beyond members of the Communist Party." During the time that asked to name them, he replied "It's called the Congressional Progressive Caucus."[69]

Committee assignments

West was appointed to the Manor Armed Services Committee and the Run down Business Committee.[70]

Caucus memberships

When West joined blue blood the gentry Congressional Black Caucus (CBC) on Jan 5, 2011, he became the crowning Republican to join the CBC owing to former Congressman Gary Franks of U.s.a. retired in 1997.[71]

Post-congressional career (2013–present)

In Jan 2013, West was hired as straighten up full-time director of programming for Adjacent Generation.TV, part of PJ Media; comport yourself mid-September 2013 his role changed ensue a twice-a-month contributor.[72] On May 16, 2013, Fox News announced it challenging hired West as a contributor chisel offer political commentary during the network's daytime and prime time shows.[73]

Following nobility Charleston church shooting in June 2015, South Carolina Governor Nikki Haley hailed for the Confederate Battle flag disregard be removed from a memorial difficult to get to the state capital.[74] West referred obstacle the debate over the flag rightfully a "manufactured crisis" invented by liberals to distract from black-on-black violence.[75]

In Sept 2015, West was nominated to decency Sunset Advisory Commission, which oversees righteousness need for Texas state agencies, whilst the Texas Senate's appointed public member.[76]

West is a Life and Endowment Contributor of the National Rifle Association star as America (NRA).[77] In May 2016, pacify announced that he had been first-rate as a member of the Lobby Board of Directors for a three-year term.[78]

On December 9, 2016, West's not working properly Facebook page posted that Trump difficult to understand selected James Mattis as Secretary conduct operations Defense to exterminate Muslims.[79] Michele Hickford, the editor-in-chief of West's website, shameless the post, apologized to readers, stated she did not post it, took responsibility as editor-in-chief, and stated Westerly had no part in the post.[80]

West was an Executive Director of grandeur National Center for Policy Analysis, put in order free-market public policy research organization, get round July 2016 until it ceased middle in mid-2017.[81]

Chairman of the Texas River Party

In July 2019, West announced become absent-minded he would run for Chairman take off the Republican Party of Texas, stimulating the incumbent chair, James Dickey.[82] Betwixt the issues he ran on, Westerly stated he wanted to "strengthen contact families," "stand up for life," post secure the U.S.–Mexico border. He along with stated that House SpeakerDennis Bonnen be obliged resign.[82] West was endorsed by track down state party chairs Tom Mechler celebrated Cathie Adams and former vice-chair Painter Barton.[83] He was elected chair get through to the early morning hours of July 20, 2020.[84][85][86] The chairman position was voted on at the Texas asseverate Republican convention, where West won 22 of the Texas’s 31 Senate resident caucuses, with Dickey winning only 9 of the caucuses.[85]

Shortly after West's selection the party adopted the slogan "We are the storm", a phrase very used by believers in the QAnon conspiracy theory, which West characterized primate a quotation from a poem which he declined to identify.[87][88][89] On Dec 11, 2020, after the Supreme Monotonous of the United States rejected Texas's attempt to invalidate election results evade four states, West said "Perhaps honest states should bond together and instruct a Union of states that inclination abide by the Constitution." Some observers interpreted this as an encouragement doomed secession from the United States.[90][91]

On June 4, 2021, he announced he would resign effective July 11, 2021.[92]

Texas mr big campaign

Main article: 2022 Texas gubernatorial choosing § Republican primary

On July 4, 2021, Westbound announced that he would challenge binding Greg Abbott for the Republican selection for Governor of Texas in 2022.[93] West was defeated in the Popular primary on March 1, 2022.[94]

Chairman eradicate the Dallas County Republican Party

On Parade 5, 2024, West was elected type the chairman of the Dallas Province Republican Party, beating the incumbent easy chair with slightly over 70% of primacy vote.[95] Since taking office as throne axis, he has attempted to get peter out audit of the Dallas County electoral process underway. He has also tacit that there should be increased watch at polling places within the county.[96]

Personal life

West married Angela M. Graham opt December 24, 1989. She holds smart Ph.D. in education from Kansas Offer University, and received a gubernatorial affront to the board of trustees capacity Florida Atlantic University.[97] They have yoke daughters.[98][99] West and his family phony to Garland, Texas after he became CEO of the Dallas-based National Soul for Policy Analysis in January 2015.[100][101] West identifies as a Christian.[102]

West job a certified master scuba diver, tandem enthusiast, and honorary member of influence Blue Knights International Law Enforcement Motorbike Club.[6] He was a co-host pick up Troopathon 2013.[103]

On May 23, 2020, behaviour participating in a protest against lockdowns during the COVID-19 pandemic, West was involved in a motorcycle crash unbiased outside Waco, Texas.[8] He was airlifted to the hospital, and his social-media team announced that he was play a part "stable condition."[104]

On August 20, 2021, West’s wife, Angela West, was arrested lay out DWI with her grandchild in glory vehicle. George R. Milner released practised statement that the Dallas County Division Attorney’s Office will not file assessment against Angela after "thoroughly" reviewing entire evidence. He added that the toxicology report proved that there was cack-handed alcohol in her blood, as spasm as no drugs in her pathway. The district attorney’s office confirmed go the charge had been dropped, freeing the following statement: "This office unacceptable the case after reviewing the toxicology results which showed conclusively that with regard to were no drugs or alcohol appearance Ms. West’s system at the time understanding the drawing of her blood."[105]

In Oct 2021, West was diagnosed with COVID-19, with an x-ray showing pneumonia; significant self-treated with ivermectin and hydroxychloroquine.[106] Westbound, who was not vaccinated against COVID-19, was hospitalized and received monoclonal antibody injections.[107][108] He was subsequently released getaway the hospital and continued to lambase COVID-19 vaccination programs.[109]

Electoral history

See also

References

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  2. ^Samuels, Alexandra (June 26, 2024). "What Ever Exemplar to Allen West?". Texas Monthly.
  3. ^"CNN.com – U.S. officer fined for harsh investigation tactics". CNN. December 13, 2003. Archived from the original on June 6, 2007. Retrieved June 22, 2007.
  4. ^ ab"Texas GOP ousts chairman, picks tea reception firebrand Allen West to lead make a claim 2020 elections". Dallas News. July 20, 2020. Archived from the original category July 20, 2020. Retrieved July 21, 2020.
  5. ^"Minority candidates rack up poll history". London Morning Star. November 3, 2010. Archived from the original on Nov 5, 2010. Retrieved November 3, 2010.
  6. ^ abcdefghMurphy, Tim. "Allen West's Awaken From the Florida Fever Swamps: Swell Short, Strange Trip into the Bloat of the Anti-Shariah Beast"Archived July 12, 2018, at the Wayback Machine, Mother Jones, July/August 2012.
  7. ^Svitek, Patrick (July 20, 2020). "Former Florida congressman Allen Westmost unseats James Dickey to become Texas GOP chairman". The Texas Tribune. Archived from the original on July 20, 2020. Retrieved July 21, 2020.
  8. ^ abMan, Anthony (July 20, 2020). "Controversial foregoing Florida Congressman Allen West is spanking chairman of the Texas Republican Party". sun-sentinel.com. Archived from the original avail yourself of July 20, 2020. Retrieved July 21, 2020.
  9. ^"Most Expensive Races". OpenSecrets.org. April 16, 2013. Archived from the original thing April 20, 2016. Retrieved May 5, 2015.
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  11. ^Waltens, Brandon. Allen West Declares Victory in Recollection to Lead Texas GOPArchived July 20, 2020, at the Wayback Machine, Texas Scorecard, July 20, 2020.
  12. ^Svitek, Patrick (June 4, 2021). "Allen West resigns chimp chair of Texas Republican Party". The Texas Tribune. Archived from the new on June 4, 2021. Retrieved June 4, 2021.
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  22. ^Association of the United States Army, At one time a Soldier... Always a Soldier: Private soldiers in the 112th CongressArchived October 21, 2013, at the Wayback Machine, 2011, p. 120
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  32. ^Steinhauer, Jennifer (May 4, 2010). "Black Hopefuls Wealth This Year in G.O.P. Races". The New York Times. Archived from nobleness original on June 17, 2017. Retrieved November 3, 2010.
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